Your Most Precious Parts
These five organs aren't the sexiest, but they deserve your full attention. Let's just say your life depends on it.
By Camille Noe Pagán, Women's Health
You're quite a piece of work. No, we mean it: Among its valuable parts, your body contains more than 200 bones, 600 muscles, 22 feet of intestines, dozens of organs, and nearly 100,000 miles of blood vessels. Heck, just one of your eyes contains more than 15 working parts. But of all your bits and pieces, which ones are the most indispensable? On these pages you'll find your body's five anatomical all-stars—and how to keep each one in tip-top shape.
Brain
There are no brain transplants, so taking care of this organ should be your top priority. "The best thing you can do is get enough sleep," says Rhonna Shatz, D.O., associate professor of neurology at Wayne State University in Detroit. Snoozing less than seven hours a night doesn't just compromise your ability to write witty IMs; it short-circuits your memory. "You don't cycle enough through deep sleep, the stage when your body solidifies and stores memories," Shatz explains.
Breaking in those new Adidas can tone up your gray matter too. "Research shows that aerobic exercise increases the generation of new cells in the memory areas of the brain," says Ausim Azizi, M.D., Ph.D., professor of neurology at Temple University. Of course, the reason Rafael Nadal hasn't solved the global-warming crisis is that "more is not more," Azizi says. To boost your brain, you only need 15 minutes three times a week.
And be smart about what you eat. "Omega-3 fatty acids help keep the brain healthy and may even ward off age-related damage," Shatz says. She recommends several servings a week of omega-3-rich foods, such as salmon, sardines, walnuts, and grass-fed beef.
Heart
Though it won't turn heads at the beach, your heart is the main muscle you've got to keep in top shape. "Heart disease is the leading cause of death among women," says L. Kristin Newby, M.D., associate professor of medicine at Duke University Medical Center.
First step: Shrink your muffin top. "Research has linked fat in the belly, more than in any other area, to hardening of the arteries, which can lead to heart disease," Newby says. Thin your middle by avoiding processed foods; studies have shown that the trans fats they contain create more belly blubber than other forms of dietary fat.
Newby also recommends getting your blood pressure and cholesterol checked at least once during your 20s—more often if you have a family history of heart disease or if your numbers are high (your BP shouldn't top 120/80, and your total cholesterol should be under 200). Left unchecked, high cholesterol and blood pressure can clog your arteries and increase your risk for a heart attack later on.
Liver
This multitasker performs more than 5,000 functions, including storing vitamins and minerals and straining alcohol and other toxins out of your system. The more martinis you filter through your liver, however, the more likely you are to injure the organ's cells. And that increases your chances of developing liver disease and cirrhosis, which can lead to cancer and liver failure.
Downing 10 shots in a row is certainly not healthy, but you also put yourself at risk if you drink just a little too much regularly—for example, two or three glasses of wine most nights. The USDA recommends that women have no more than one drink (a "drink" is a shot of liquor, a glass of wine, or a bottle of beer) per day.
But surprisingly, the largest contributing factor to liver disease is obesity. "Fatty deposits in your liver can cause inflammation and scarring, which can contribute to cirrhosis and cancer," says Melissa A. McNeil, M.D., chief of women's health at the University of Pittsburgh. Pump some iron and include protein in every meal to help add lean muscle to your frame. Finally, use your head in bed: Hepatitis B and C can be transmitted through unprotected sex.
Lungs
Your lungs don't take in just oxygen; they also trap viruses, bacteria, and other airborne particles. So the better shape your airbags are in, the less likely you are to get sick.
To keep them pumping, stub out the butts. Twenty percent of women in their 20s and 30s still puff, and "smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, a disease that kills more people than breast, prostate, and colon cancer combined," says Jennifer McCallister, M.D., a critical care and pulmonary medicine specialist at Ohio State University's Heart and Lung Research Institute.
It's unclear how much specific nutrients influence overall lung health, but one thing scientists know for sure: Trading fried shrimp for less-fatty fare is a smart move. "When you're heavy, your respiratory system has to work harder, in part because excess fat in your torso compresses your chest wall," McCallister says. A recent study found that losing 10 percent of excess body weight (if you're 40 pounds overweight, that's just four pounds) improves lung capacity by 5 percent.
Pancreas
Got that "I'm so hungry I could eat a dozen doughnuts" feeling? That's your pancreas at work. Sandwiched between your stomach and your spleen, this organ creates insulin—the hormone that regulates your blood sugar and makes you feel either sated and energized or ravenous and shaky, depending on how much is in your system.
"The steps you take to care for your other organs—not smoking, hitting a healthy weight, and exercising regularly—will keep your pancreas healthy, too," McNeil says. But it's also a good idea to load up on fiber. It reduces the risk of gallstones—tiny pieces of crystallized cholesterol that can cause pancreatitis, a nasty condition that can lead to pancreatic cancer. (They're also twice as common in women.) A study at the University of California at San Francisco found that people who ate two or more servings of high-fiber whole grains a day (equal to about a cup of high-fiber cereal) had a 40 percent lower risk of developing pancreatic cancer than those who ate one serving or less daily.
